Scientific Terms with E

Elastic deformation: the deformation of a material that occurs when a load is applied and removed, and the material returns to its original shape.

Elasticity: the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed.

Elasticity theory: the branch of mechanics that deals with the study of the deformation and stress in materials under load.

Elastic limit: the maximum amount of strain that a material can withstand before it becomes permanently deformed.

Elastic modulus: a measure of the material's resistance to deformation when a load is applied.

Elastic-plastic anisotropy: the property of a material to have different elastic-plastic properties in different directions.

Elastic-plastic anisotropy ratio: the ratio of the elastic-plastic properties of a material in different directions.

Elastic-plastic behavior: the way a material deforms when a load is applied, characterized by both elastic and plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic deformation: the deformation of a material that occurs when a load is applied and the material does not return to its original shape.

Elastic-plastic deformation analysis: the process of analyzing the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation behavior: the way a material deforms as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation characterisation: the process of measuring and characterizing the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation constitutive equation: a mathematical equation that describes the relationship between the applied load and the resulting deformation in a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation criterion: a mathematical expression that describes the conditions under which a material will begin to exhibit plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic deformation dynamics: the study of the movement and behavior of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation kinetics: the study of the rate and mechanism of deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation mapping: the process of mapping the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation microstructure: the study of the microstructural changes that occur in a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation model: a mathematical model that describes the behavior of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation rate: the rate at which a material deforms when loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation regime: the range of loads over which a material exhibits both elastic and plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic deformation simulation: the process of using computer models to simulate the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation stress-strain curve: a graph that shows the relationship between the applied stress and the resulting strain in a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation tensor: a mathematical representation of the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation testing: the process of testing the deformation of a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation texture: the pattern of deformation in a material as it is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic deformation yield surface: a surface that represents the range of loads and strains that a material can withstand before it begins to exhibit plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic flow: the deformation of a material caused by a load, characterized by both elastic and plastic behavior.

Elastic-plastic fracture: the fracture of a material that occurs when the material is loaded beyond its elastic limit and does not return to its original shape.

Elastic-plastic hardening: the increase in resistance to deformation as a material is loaded beyond its elastic limit.

Elastic-plastic hardening rule: a mathematical expression that describes the relationship between the applied load and the resulting deformation in a material.

Elastic-plastic instability: the point at which a material becomes unstable under an applied load, leading to plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic limit: the maximum amount of load that a material can withstand before it begins to exhibit plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic recovery: the ability of a material to partially recover its shape after being deformed.

Elastic-plastic recovery rate: the rate at which a material recovers its shape after being deformed.

Elastic-plastic response: the behavior of a material under a load, characterized by both elastic and plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic stability: the ability of a material to maintain its shape under a load while undergoing plastic deformation.

Elastic-plastic transition: the transition point at which a material begins to exhibit plastic deformation under an applied load.

Elastic recoil detection (ERD): a variation of ESS technique that uses the recoil of the target material to detect the scattered electrons, providing information on the light elements in the material.

Elastic recovery: the ability of a material to return to its original shape after being deformed.

Elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS): a technique used to study the mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the scattering of electrons caused by the elastic deformation of the material.

Elastic stability: the ability of a material to maintain its shape under a load without deforming.

Elastic strain: a measure of the deformation of a material caused by an applied load.

Elastic wave: a wave that propagates through a material in response to an applied force, characterized by its wavelength and frequency.

Electrical conductivity: a measure of a material's ability to conduct electricity.

Electroactive ceramics: Ceramics that can change their properties such as conductivity, permittivity, and piezoelectricity in response to an applied electric field.

Electroactive polymers: Polymers that can change their properties such as shape, conductivity, and optical properties in response to an applied electric field.

Electroactive surfaces: Surfaces that can change their properties such as conductivity, wettability and adhesiveness in response to an applied electric field.

Electrocatalysis: The process of using an electric current to accelerate a chemical reaction, most commonly used in fuel cells and electrolysis.

Electrochemical energy storage: The process of storing and releasing energy in the form of electricity through chemical reactions, such as in batteries and supercapacitors.

Electrochemical etching: The process of removing material from a surface by exposing it to a chemical or physical agent that selectively dissolves or removes it, using an electric current.

Electrochemical hydrogenation: A process of adding hydrogen atoms to a molecule by passing an electric current through a solution containing the molecule and hydrogen ions.

Electrochemical lithography: A technique used to pattern materials at the nanometer scale by using an electric current to selectively etch or deposit material on a substrate.

Electrochemical metal-insulator transition: A change in the electrical conductivity of a material in response to an applied electric field, that is caused by the electrochemical reaction between the material and the electrolyte.

Electrochemical nanocomposites: Materials composed of a combination of at least two different components, at the nanometer scale, that are integrated in such a way that their properties are improved compared to the individual components.

Electrochemical nanofabrication: The process of using electrochemical processes to fabricate structures at the nanometer scale.

Electrochemical nanogenerators: Devices that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, used in harvesting energy from ambient sources such as vibrations or body movements.

Electrochemical nanoimprinting: A process of creating patterns or structures at the nanometer scale using an electric current to selectively etch or deposit material on a substrate.

Electrochemical nanosensors: Sensors that use electrochemical processes to detect the presence of a substance at the nanometer scale.

Electrochemical nanotransducers: Devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa

Electrochemical oxidation: A process of adding oxygen atoms to a molecule by passing an electric current through a solution containing the molecule and oxygen ions.

Electrochemical supercapacitors: Devices that can store and release electrical energy through electrochemical reactions, characterized by high power density and long cycle life.

Electrochemical synthesis: The process of using an electric current to accelerate a chemical reaction, to synthesize new materials.

Electrochemistry: the branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electricity and chemical reactions.

Electrochromism: The phenomenon of change in color or opacity of a material in response to an applied electric field.

Electrocrystallization: A process of growing crystals in a solution by applying an electric current.

Electrodeposited coatings: Thin layers of a material deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the material.

Electrodeposited metal-carbon nanocomposites: Composites made of metal and carbon materials that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing both materials.

Electrodeposited metal-insulator-metal nanostructures: Metal-insulator-metal structures with dimensions in the nanometer scale that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal and insulator materials.

Electrodeposited metal nanostructures: Metal structures with dimensions in the nanometer scale that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal.

Electrodeposited metal-oxide-metal nanostructures: Metal-oxide-metal structures with dimensions in the nanometer scale that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal and oxide materials.

Electrodeposited metal oxides: Metal oxides that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal ions and oxygen.

Electrodeposited metal-semiconductor-metal nanostructures: Metal-semiconductor-metal structures with dimensions in the nanometer scale that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal and semiconductor materials.

Electrodeposited metal-semiconductor nanocomposites: Composites made of metal and semiconductor materials that are deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing both materials.

Electrodeposited nanowires: Thin wires made of a material deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the material.

Electrodeposited thin films: Thin layers of a material deposited onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the material.

Electrodeposition: a process of depositing a thin layer of a material onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the material.

Electrodeposition of polymers: process of depositing a thin layer of a polymer onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the polymer.

Electroless copper plating: A process of depositing a layer of copper onto a substrate without the use of an external electric current.

Electroless deposition: A process of depositing a metal layer onto a substrate without the use of an external electric current.

Electroless nickel plating: A process of depositing a layer of nickel onto a substrate without the use of an external electric current.

Electroless plating: a process of depositing a metal layer onto a substrate without the use of an external electric current.

Electrolysis: a process of breaking down a chemical compound by passing an electric current through it.

Electrolyte-gated transistors: A type of transistor that uses an electrolyte solution to control the flow of electricity through the device.

Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD): a technique used to study the crystalline structure of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the diffraction pattern of electrons scattered by the material.

Electron beam induced current (EBIC): a technique used to study the electrical properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the current generated by a beam of electrons.

Electron beam induced deposition (EBID): a technique used to deposit thin films of material onto a substrate by exposing it to a beam of electrons.

Electron beam induced fluorescence (EBIF): a technique used to study the fluorescence properties of materials at the nanoscale by exciting the material with a beam of electrons and measuring the fluorescence emitted.

Electron beam lithography: a technique used to pattern materials at the nanometer scale by exposing them to a focused beam of electrons.

Electron beam melting (EBM): A process of melting and solidifying metal powders using a focused beam of electrons.

Electron diffraction: a technique used to determine the crystal structure of a material by measuring the diffraction pattern formed when electrons are scattered by the crystal.

Electron energy loss near-edge structure (ELNES): a variation of the EELS technique that allows for the study of the electronic structure of materials at the near edge region of the electron energy loss spectrum.

Electron energy loss spectroscopy: a technique used to study the electronic structure of materials by measuring the energy loss of electrons as they pass through the material.

Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS): a technique used to study the electronic structure of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the energy loss of electrons as they pass through the material.

Electron energy loss spectroscopy-cryo (EELS-cryo): a variation of EELS that is performed at cryogenic temperatures, allowing for the study of materials in their native environment and reducing damage caused by the electron beam.

Electron holography: a technique used to study the electronic properties of materials at the nanoscale by recording the interference pattern of electrons scattered by the material.

Electron microscopy (EM): a technique used to study the structure of materials at the nanoscale by using a beam of electrons to examine the material at high magnification and resolution.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR): a technique used to study the magnetic properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the absorption of microwave radiation by unpaired electrons in the material.

Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI): a technique that combines electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging to study the magnetic properties of materials at the nanoscale.

Electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging: a variation of EPR that allows for the imaging of the electron spin properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the absorption of microwave radiation by electron spins in the material.

Electron tomography: a technique used to create three-dimensional images of materials at the nanoscale by combining multiple two-dimensional electron microscopy images taken at different angles.

Electron transport properties: the properties of a material that govern the transport of electrons through it, including electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity.

Electroplating: a process of depositing a thin layer of a metal onto a substrate by passing an electric current through a solution containing the metal ions.

Electrospinning: a method of producing nanofibers by electrostatically drawing a polymer solution through a small nozzle.

Electrospun fibrous networks: Three-dimensional structures made of fibers produced by the electrospinning process, used in various applications such as tissue engineering, filtration, and energy storage.

Electrospun mats: Mats made of fibers produced by the electrospinning process.

Electrospun membranes: Thin sheets made of fibers produced by the electrospinning process.

Electrospun metal-ceramic nanocomposites: Fibers made by electrospinning process that contain at least metal and ceramic materials.

Electrospun metal-graphene nanocomposites: Fibers made by electrospinning process that contain at least metal and graphene materials.

Electrospun metal-oxide nanocomposites: Fibers made by electrospinning process that contain at least metal and oxide materials.

Electrospun metal-polymer nanocomposites: Fibers made by electrospinning process that contain at least metal and polymer materials.

Electrospun nanocomposites: Fibers made by electrospinning process that contain at least two different materials.

Electrospun nanofibers: fibers that are produced by the electrospinning process, which are typically in the nanometer scale.

Electrospun nanotubes: Hollow tubes made of fibers produced by the electrospinning process.

Electrospun scaffolds: Three-dimensional structures made of fibers produced by the electrospinning process, used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

Electrostatic assembly: The process of assembling particles or molecules into patterns or structures through the use of electrostatic interactions.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD): a phenomenon that occurs when static electricity is discharged through a material, causing damage to electronic devices.

Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM): a technique used to study the mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the electrostatic forces between the material and a probe.

Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM): a technique used to study the mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the electrostatic forces between the material and a probe.

Electrostatic interactions: The interactions between electrically charged particles or surfaces

Electrostatic levitation: The process of suspending an object in the air using electrostatic forces.

Electrostatic levitation microscopy (ESLM): a technique used to study the properties of materials in a zero-gravity environment by suspending the material in air using electrostatic forces.

Electrostatic microactuators: Microscale devices that use electrostatic forces to move or deform.

Electrostatic self-assembly: a process of assembling particles or molecules into patterns or structures through the use of electrostatic interactions.

Electrostatic self-organization: The process of assembling particles or molecules into patterns or structures through the use of electrostatic interactions.

Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS): a technique used to study the chemical composition of materials at the nanoscale by measuring the energy of X-rays emitted by the material.

Environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM): a technique used to study the structure and properties of materials at the nanoscale in a controlled environment.

Epitaxy: the growth of a thin film of a material on a substrate in such a way that the crystal structure of the film matches that of the substrate.

Etching: a process of removing material from a surface by exposing it to a chemical or physical agent that selectively dissolves or removes it.

Extended low-light-level microscopy (ELLLM): a technique used to enhance the sensitivity of a microscope in low light environments by using various methods such as photon counting and superresolution techniques.

Extended wavelength infrared microscopy (EWIRM): a technique used to study the infrared properties of materials at the nanoscale by using a microscope that operates in the extended wavelength infrared region, typically between 2-14 micrometers.

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